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Pilea peploides

(Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn. (1832)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Pilea

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Slender, low, short-lived perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems somewhat fleshy, weakly ascending or decumbent, 5–20(–30) cm long, diffuse, branched.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, well-spaced or crowded toward tips of stems. Blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, sometimes rhombic–cuneate, 4–45 mm long, (2–)6–15(–23) mm wide. leaves of a pair subequal, but 1 petiole often shorter. Upper surfaces green; lower surfaces pale and somewhat tinged red, both surfaces with linear to elliptic cystoliths. Margins crenate in upper ½, sometimes margins of few lower leaf pairs entire. 3-veined. Petioles 3–25 mm long, usually equalling or longer than the blade. Stipules present 1–1.5 mm long.

Flowers: Flowers in dense, axillary, sessile fascicles. Pistillate flowers more numerous than staminate, on pedicels 1–1.5(–2) mm long, psuedomonomerous. Flowers unisexual (and the plants monoecious). Calyx lobes oblong, hooded, glabrous, each with a minute dorsal, apiculate appendage, Calyx tinged red, the outer Calyx lobe largest, 0.6–0.8 mm long, the others 0.4–0.6 mm long. Corolla (petals) absent. Staminate flowers 0.4–0.5 mm long; filaments incurved in bud, elastically reflexed when pollen is shed; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior (pistillate flowers), 1-celled; ovule 1, basal; style 1; staminate flower ovary vestigial and sterile.

Fruit: Achenes light brownish; ovoid; ca. 0.5 mm; slightly compressed; oblique at apex; smooth or spinulose-verrucose. Achenes lenticular–ovoid; 0.6–0.8 mm long; partly enclosed by the largest calyx lobe. Seeds 1 per achene.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Streambeds; waterfalls; moist cliffs; and seeps in mesic to wet forest and diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 40–1950 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Beechey Voy.: 96 (1832)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1306 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Wood & LeGrande 2006:28 (Le)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Pilea peploides Waianae Mts., Palikea Trail Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3481 Oahu BISH 1960-05-05
2 Pilea peploides Haupu Range, L side of Kipa Kai Gap Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 740 Kauai BISH 1916-11-01
3 Pilea peploides Kohala Mts. Upper Hamakua ditch trail at lower ditchman's house Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3127 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-07
4 Pilea peploides E bank of Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2610 Maui BISH 1920-06-25
5 Pilea peploides Hillebrand's Glen Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-04-09
6 Pilea peploides Mt. Kaala Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. Oahu BISH 1946-03-02
7 Pilea peploides Waikamoi Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Maui BISH 1919-09-05
8 Pilea peploides Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
9 Pilea peploides Konahuanui Trail Preserved_Specimen Williams, F.X. Oahu BISH 1935-05-12
10 Pilea peploides Waimea Drainage Basin, W side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
11 Pilea peploides Molokai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
12 Pilea peploides Waimea Drainage Basin, W side Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
13 Pilea peploides Hanapepe Falls Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH 1926-06-19
14 Pilea peploides Molokai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Molokai BISH 1909-01-01
15 Pilea peploides Palehua, Palikea Trail Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 225 Oahu BISH 1981-03-11
16 Pilea peploides unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8197 BISH 1910-08-01
17 Pilea peploides Lanai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Lanai BISH
18 Pilea peploides Maunalei Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 512 Lanai BISH 1930-02-11
19 Pilea peploides Pipe Line Trail, Olinda Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 17829 Maui BISH 1927-06-17
20 Pilea peploides unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
21 Pilea peploides Na Palid Coast, Honopu Valley, moist soil beside stream Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. 367 Kauai BISH 1979-07-17
22 Pilea peploides SW side of Mahanaloa Valley crevices and ledges of moist rock face Preserved_Specimen Fay, J.J. 197 Kauai BISH 1974-04-16
23 Pilea peploides Nualele [sp?] Valley on rocks in and on bank of stream Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22218 Molokai BISH 1952-03-18
24 Pilea peploides Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts mossy rock in stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11594 Oahu BISH 1932-06-03
25 Pilea peploides Kaala, near summit wet bank on road cut Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1165 Oahu BISH 1976-08-24
26 Pilea peploides Nihoa Gulch, Kaena moist cliff, foot of waterfall Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11135 Oahu BISH 1931-11-15
27 Pilea peploides W Maui, Lahaina District, Honokohau Valley, Kava Kamp riparian zone in low land mesic forest; with kava, Boehmeria, and guava; wet streamside rocks Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3839 Maui BISH 1998-03-04
28 Pilea peploides Tantalus consolidated cinder, exotic forest, Pipturus, Tectaria, Cyrtandra Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2156 Oahu BISH 1985-04-28
29 Pilea peploides Waihoi Valley, above moss covered stream Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 531 Maui BISH 1973-11-14
30 Pilea peploides Kalaupapa Trail from thin crevices of rocks and cliffs far above ocean Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22153 Molokai BISH 1952-03-17
31 Pilea peploides Wailau Valley near summit of ridge, wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12892 Molokai BISH 1932-12-29
32 Pilea peploides E side of Waipio Valley cracks of cliff overlooking ocean Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21782 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-07
33 Pilea peploides E of Kupau Valley along road, small valley, dripping rocks about waterfall Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22130 Maui BISH 1952-03-23
34 Pilea peploides East Maui, Hana Forest Reserve, N rim of Kipahulu open slope of old cinder cone, with Dubautia, Rubus rosifolius, Scaevola chamissoniana Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 314 Maui BISH 1973-07-09
35 Pilea peploides Kawaihau Distict. North fork of Wailua River, aoubt 1.5 km. east of the Blue Hole and below Pohakupele. Metrosideros mixed wet lowland forest with riparan vegetation with Kadua centranthoides, K. eletor, Machaerina angustifolia, Cyrtandra wawrae, Cyanea asarifolia, Agrostis avenacea, Cyrtandra pickeringii, Microsorum spectrum, Peperomia oahuensis, Antidesma platyph. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 17330 Kauai BISH 2017-04-04
36 Pilea peploides Wailau Valley talus slope at foot of cliffs Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9667 Molokai BISH 1933-07-04
37 Pilea peploides Kalaupapa; Waikolu, SW, upper rim wet; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron; stream bank Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11278 Molokai BISH 2005-04-27
38 Pilea peploides East Maui, 3 mi due E of Olinda along flume, with liverworts, mosses in rain forest, with Metrosideros, Pelea, Cibotium, Cyanea Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 3746 Maui BISH 1969-06-27
39 Pilea peploides East Maui, Hana, Haleakala National Park, Oheo gulch and stream, E fork of Oheo stream at base of unnamed falls wet rock face. With Selaginella arbuscula and Adiantum raddianum Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2414 Maui BISH 1987-10-13
40 Pilea peploides Wailau Valley on rock in stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13246 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
41 Pilea peploides Makawao, Koolau Forest Reserve, N slope of Haleakala, 0.2 mi E of Waikamoi Stream small gulch below old dilapidated flume; rocky streambed in wet forest Preserved_Specimen Lammers, T.G. 5653 Maui BISH 1984-07-13
42 Pilea peploides Pohakuao; along Kalalau trail In a crack in a dry exposed cliff. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3058 Kauai BISH 1989-06-14
43 Pilea peploides Waipio, Kohala Mts,, Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail wet rocky bank, above steep pali Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11463 Hawaii BISH 1932-01-01
44 Pilea peploides Waipio, Kohala Mts,, Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail wet rocky bank, above steep pali Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11463 Hawaii BISH 1932-01-01
45 Pilea peploides Maunapuluo, Hanakapai, Napali Coast wet rock crevices by stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10902 Kauai BISH 1930-12-30
46 Pilea peploides N fork of Wailua River, just E of Mts. Waialeale and Kawikini headwaters; deep valley surrounded by steep cliff, ~1000 m high, laced with waterfalls; small, stunted trees 1-2 m high, numerous pteridophytes, and Gunnera over saturated, rocky ground. On rocks, in stream bed, in flood zone Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5379 Kauai BISH 1987-07-23
47 Pilea peploides Koolau Range, Halawa-Haiku ridge mossy bank of stream Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1569 Oahu BISH 1948-04-25
48 Pilea peploides East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, NE part of bottom rocky stream bank, thin soil Preserved_Specimen DeWreede, R.E. 27 Maui BISH 1967-08-19
49 Pilea peploides Kahua Ranch, Kohala mountains Growing on wet bank near stream. Metrosideros forest with Styphelia, Clermontia, Trematolobelia, Cheirodendron, and Vaccinium. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 932 Hawaii BISH 1982-05-08
50 Pilea peploides Honomu, hills above Akaka Falls under dripping overhanging bank Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 10472 Hawaii BISH 1933-12-08
51 Pilea peploides East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala, Kipahulu-Kuhiwa divide, Wai Anapanapa moist rocks by stream Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21029 Maui BISH 1945-08-16
52 Pilea peploides Kohala Mts., access rd. above Waikoloa reservoirs at head of Alakahi Valley along stream under bridge Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5522 Hawaii BISH 1985-06-23
53 Pilea peploides Olinda Pipe Line extension, Makawao Forest Reserve rainforest, Metrosideros, on face of wet rock in water fall Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 185 Maui BISH 1956-01-01
54 Pilea peploides East Maui, Hana District, Kipahulu Valley, E part rocks at edge of stream at base of central pali Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 3927 Maui BISH 1967-08-07
55 Pilea peploides Mt. Kaala small pond Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 10141 Oahu BISH 1967-08-02
56 Pilea peploides Kamaileunu ridge near Pinnacle Rock with Schiedea mannii and S.hookeri Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2121 Oahu BISH 1985-03-31
57 Pilea peploides 4 mi E of Olinda, Haipuaena Gulch stream sides, rocky cliff, with Gunnera Preserved_Specimen Bonsey, E. 463 Maui BISH 1967-08-05
58 Pilea peploides Kaohe 1-3 Ahupuaa, South Kona Forest Reserve, South Kona Growing in large collapsed lava tube skylight. Growing with Metrosideros polymorpha, Acacia koa, Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. Trigynum, Myrsine lessertiana, Ilex anomala, Diplazium arnotti, Diplazium sandwichianum, Dryopteris wallichiana. Growing on lava rock ledge on wall of collapsed lava tube amongst ferns. Preserved_Specimen VanDeMark, J. 41 Hawaii BISH 2020-08-04
59 Pilea peploides Mt. Kaala, Waianae Mts steep seepage bank Preserved_Specimen van Balgooy, M.M.J. 4156 Oahu BISH 1982-05-27
60 Pilea peploides upper inner cresent parallel beds of strata with relatively solid tuff substrata covered in species of green white or rusty orange lichen, adjacent to grassland, herbland association Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11860 Lehua Rock BISH 2006-04-28
61 Pilea peploides E side of Waipio Valley In cracks of cliff overlooking ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21782 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-07
62 Pilea peploides Kalaupapa Trail from thin crevices of rocks and cliffs far above ocean Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22153 Molokai BISH 1952-03-17
63 Pilea peploides Kamalo Ahupuaa, East Molokai, south of Wailau Valley rim between Kaunuohua and Puuowahaula toward Hina Falls; just W of Station 12 along ditch trail and up a stream. Transect 8, Station 12. Dry ohia forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Growing on dripping vertical SW-facing bank. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2444 Molokai BISH 1979-07-18
64 Pilea peploides Honomuni Ahu, Tr 13(3/4); gulch SE of Kawaiuliuli wet ohia forest Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3940 Molokai BISH 1979-07-19
65 Pilea peploides Koolau Ahupuaa, East Maui, downslope of Puualaea and west of hanawi Stream. Transect MT, Station 5. Wet ohia forest with other native trees and a native shrub-matted fern understory. Growing on rocky exposed stream bed and walls of falls. Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 2537 Maui BISH 1980-05-20
66 Pilea peploides head of Wailau Valley, trail up Waiakeakua-Waiokeela ridge wet cracks Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13504 Molokai BISH 1936-12-29
67 Pilea peploides Puu Alii NAR, SW section, upper rim of Waikolu montane wet forest; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma ochracea, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Freycinetia arborea, Astelia menziesiana, Hedyotis terminalis, Nertera granadensis, ferns, bryophytes Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11278 Molokai BISH 2005-04-27
68 Pilea peploides Moaula Falls, Halawa on rocks, base of falls Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12675 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
69 Pilea peploides Ukumehame Gulch rain forest, face of waterfall Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25695 Maui BISH 1955-12-28
70 Pilea peploides Waialua, Kaena, Manini Gulch moist cracks on shaded sides Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5847 Oahu BISH 1976-04-25
71 Pilea peploides Wailau Valley, Hanalilolilo moist bank in woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12424 Molokai BISH 1932-12-21
72 Pilea peploides Iao Valley, S side, makai of needle narrow crevices of sunny cliff Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21951 Maui BISH 1952-02-26
73 Pilea peploides Mapulehu Valley on stone in stream bed Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1881 Molokai BISH 1970-08-07
74 Pilea peploides East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley, base of N wall stream, plunge pools, wet crevices along bank Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 2578 Maui BISH 1972-07-21
75 Pilea peploides Tantalus moist cinder bank with mosses, hepatics, and ferns Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1756 Oahu BISH 1984-09-30
76 Pilea peploides Just west of heiau Along sea cliff, in damp spots. Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1978-06-14
77 Pilea peploides 2nd ridge S of Pohakea Pass forest Preserved_Specimen Christophersen, E. 1662 Oahu BISH 1931-03-19
78 Pilea peploides Lualualei, central valley moss covered rocks beneath Myrsine lanaiensis Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3305 Oahu BISH 1987-01-01
79 Pilea peploides Anapuhi to Wainene long coastal boulder-strewn beach with vertical cliff at back 10-30 m from water. Cliff with Artemisia australis, Chenopodium oahuense, Schiedea globosa, Kalanchoe pinnata, Tetramolopium sylvae, Lythrum maritimum, and Hedyotis littoralis. In wet seep near small waterfall. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5740 Molokai BISH 1987-08-01
80 Pilea peploides Waiahole Ditch Trail, head of Kahana Valley, head of valley 10, Hauula forest reserve wet rock by waterfall Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13426 Oahu BISH 1933-12-10
81 Pilea peploides Lehua Rock volcanic tuff, Pluchea, Jacquemontia, Ageratum, Sicyos, grasses; moist crevices with seepage Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7136 Lehua Rock BISH 1992-01-10
82 Pilea peploides Waianae Range, S Palawai Gulch from N side slope leading down Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 598 Oahu BISH 1948-03-27
83 Pilea peploides Na Pali Coast, Kee Beach to Kalalau Valley, to 3 mi in; Hanakapiai Beach foot trail; costal cliffs with Pandanus, Metrosideros, Chamaesyce, invaded by exotics. On moist cliff face; crevices 2-3 m above sealevel Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 5116 Kauai BISH 1987-03-11
84 Pilea peploides Lihue, headwaters of N fork of Wailua River, just E of Mt. Waialeale and Kawaikini deep valley surrounded by steep cliffs ~1000m high, laced with waterfalls, small stunted trees 1-2 m tall, numerous pteridophytes and Gunnera over saturated rocky ground. On rocks along stream Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6353 Kauai BISH 1990-06-13
85 Pilea peploides E of Kupau Valley along road, small valley, dripping rocks about waterfall Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22130 Maui BISH 1952-03-23
86 Pilea peploides Puu Kaoa, N approach, Waianae Range side of ridge Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 477 Oahu BISH 1948-02-29
87 Pilea peploides E side of Waipio Valley In cracks of cliff overlooking ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 21782 Hawaii BISH 1952-02-07
88 Pilea peploides Puu Kukui rain forest Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 896 Maui BISH 1948-06-29
89 Pilea peploides Koolau Range, divide between head of Kipapa Gulch and head of Waianu Gulch moist, open Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1867 Oahu BISH 1937-05-30
90 Pilea peploides E of Kupau Valley along road, small valley, dripping rocks about waterfall Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 22130 Maui BISH 1952-03-23
91 Pilea peploides Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 199 Oahu BISH 1851-01-01
92 Pilea peploides Kaiholena Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 186 Lanai BISH 1913-10-22
93 Pilea peploides East Maui, Nohiku Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 248 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
94 Pilea peploides East Maui, Upper Shelf of Kipahulu Valley on trail to Palikea stream above Palikea Camp. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2020 Maui BISH 1997-10-08
95 Pilea peploides Waianae Range, Honouliuli, S Palawai Gulch Preserved_Specimen Webster, G.L. 1438 Oahu BISH 1948-03-27
96 Pilea peploides Pohakea Pass, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli forest reserve Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13159 Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
97 Pilea peploides Honomuni Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 720 Molokai BISH 1953-12-23
98 Pilea peploides Kalua Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 504 Hawaii BISH 1909-06-01
99 Pilea peploides Kawailoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2100 Oahu BISH 1915-03-02
100 Pilea peploides Hahiku Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 505 Maui BISH 1909-09-01
101 Pilea peploides Waianae Mts., below ridge trail to Palikea, 1/4 mi. from Radar Station Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 927 Oahu BISH 1946-03-27
102 Pilea peploides Honolulu, US Exp. Sta., Pensacola St., Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13192 Oahu BISH 1933-06-17
103 Pilea peploides Mamaki, upper Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 461 Lanai BISH 1914-02-04
104 Pilea peploides Pali Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2200 Oahu BISH 1895-05-24
105 Pilea peploides Mt. Kaala, Waianae Mt. Range Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1718 Oahu BISH 1965-03-12
106 Pilea peploides Kawailoa Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2100 Oahu BISH 1915-03-02
107 Pilea peploides Moano hill, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3304 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
108 Pilea peploides Hillebrand's Glen Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1284 Oahu BISH 1909-04-09
109 Pilea peploides Moano hill, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3301 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
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